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  Introduction Apache Kafka is designed for high availability, but failures still happen—network issues, broker crashes, or cluster downtime. To ensure message delivery, applications must implement retry mechanisms. However, retries behave differently in traditional (blocking) vs. reactive (non-blocking) Kafka producers. This guide covers: ✅ Kafka’s built-in retries ( retries ,  retry.backoff.ms ) ✅ Blocking vs. non-blocking retry strategies ✅ Reactive Kafka retries with backoff ✅ Fallback strategies for guaranteed delivery ✅ Real-world failure scenarios and fixes 1. Kafka Producer Retry Basics When Do Retries Happen? Kafka producers automatically retry on: Network errors (e.g., broker disconnect) Leader election (e.g., broker restart) Temporary errors (e.g.,  NOT_ENOUGH_REPLICAS ) Key Configuration Properties Property Default Description retries 0 Number of retries for transient failures. retry.backoff...

  In the world of software architecture, maintaining code quality, flexibility, and testability becomes increasingly critical as applications grow. Two popular architectural styles that help developers achieve these goals are Clean Architecture and Hexagonal Architecture (Ports and Adapters) . Though they share a common philosophy of decoupling business logic from external concerns, they differ in structure and terminology. Let's break them down with clear explanations and practical examples. What is Clean Architecture? Clean Architecture , proposed by Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob), aims to isolate the business logic from frameworks, databases, and other external agencies. It follows a layered, concentric model where the most central part of the application is the core business logic, and the outer layers handle external concerns. Key Layers: Entities : Core business models and logic. Independent of any framework or library. Use Cases : Application-specific bu...

✅ Good naming ✅ Small, focused functions ✅ Minimal, meaningful comments ✅ Readable formatting ✅ Proper encapsulation ✅ Graceful error handling ✅ Unit tests (with coverage!) ✅ SRP (Single Responsibility Principle) ✅ Use of design patterns where applicable ✅ Continuous refactoring

Options trading is a powerful way to capitalize on market movements, but it requires the right tools and analysis. In this guide, we’ll break down key indicators like Open Interest (OI) , Put-Call Ratio (PCR) , and VIX (Volatility Index) to help you make informed trading decisions. We’ll also explore additional factors like Max Pain, support and resistance levels , and the best indicators to use alongside option chain analysis. 1. Understanding Open Interest (OI) What is Open Interest? Open Interest (OI) represents the total number of outstanding option contracts that haven’t been squared off. It shows the liquidity and market interest in a particular strike price. How to Use OI for Trading? Increasing OI with rising price: Strong bullish trend (new buyers entering the market). Increasing OI with falling price: Strong bearish trend (new sellers entering the market). Decreasing OI with rising price: Weakening bullish trend (short covering). Decreasing OI with falling price: Wea...